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Biologically speaking, monogamy reduces a species' chances of survival
Biologically speaking, polygamy makes more sense in terms of guaranteeing the survival of the species. In our case, monogamy is nothing more than a cultural construct that's part of a much bigger social contract that we've been abiding for a long time now.
There are some major Darwinian advantages to monogamy in species where the offspring are very vulnerable (see: birds, wolves, certain types of monkey, and most definitely humans). When a child has the protection and the nurturing of both parents, it is more likely to survive. Being a single parent is a tremendous task even in the twenty-first century. I can't imagine how difficult it would have been in the paleolithic age. Now, that's not to say that it isn't an equally viable strategy for a man to have sex with everything in sight and just hope that something manages to see its way into adulthood, but there are plenty of biologically justifiable reasons for monogamy that a lot of people tend to overlook.